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信息系統(tǒng)項(xiàng)目管理師英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)資料：項(xiàng)目費(fèi)用管理（中英文對(duì)照）知識(shí)[2]
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7.1.2 Tools and Techniques for Resource Planning（編制資源計(jì)劃的工具和技術(shù)）
.1 Expert judgment. Expert judgment will often be required to assess the inputs to this process. Such expertise may be provided by any group or individual with specialized knowledge or trai ning and is available from many sources including:
.1 專(zhuān)家判斷。經(jīng)常需要專(zhuān)家判斷來(lái)評(píng)估本過(guò)程的輸入。這些專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)由具有專(zhuān)門(mén)知識(shí)或經(jīng)過(guò)培訓(xùn)的團(tuán)體和個(gè)人提供，可能的來(lái)源包括：
Other units within the performing organization.
執(zhí)行組織的其它單位。
Consultants.
顧問(wèn)。
Professional and technical associations.
專(zhuān)業(yè)和技術(shù)協(xié)會(huì)。
Industry groups.
工業(yè)集團(tuán)。
.2 Alternatives identification. Alternatives identification is discussed in Section
5.2.2.3.
.2 替代方案的確定。替代方案的確定見(jiàn)5.2.2.3 節(jié)。
7.1.3 Outputs from Resource Planning（編制資源計(jì)劃的輸出）
1 Resource requirements. The output of the resource planning process is a
description of what types of resources are required and in what quantities for each
element of the work breakdown structure. These resources will be obtained either
through staff acquisition (described in Section 9.2) or procurement (described in
Chapter 12).
.1 資源需求。編制資源計(jì)劃過(guò)程的輸出是一份說(shuō)明書(shū)，說(shuō)明工作分解結(jié)構(gòu)中各個(gè)組成部分需要何種類(lèi)型的資源和數(shù)量。這些資源將通過(guò)人員招募（見(jiàn)9.2節(jié)）和采購(gòu)（見(jiàn)第12章）獲得。
7.2 Cost Estimating（費(fèi)用估算）
Cost estimating involves developing an a pproximation (estimate) of the costs of
the resources needed to co mplete project activities.
費(fèi)用估算是編制一個(gè)為完成項(xiàng)目活動(dòng)所必需的資源費(fèi)用的近似估計(jì)。
When a project is performed under contract, care should be ta ken to distinguish
cost estimating from pricing. Cost estimating involves developing an assessment of
the likely quantitative resul-ow much will it cost the performing organization to
provide the product or service involved. Pr icing is a business decision—how much
will the performing organization charge for the product or service—that uses the cost
estimate as but one consideration of many.
當(dāng)項(xiàng)目按合同進(jìn)行時(shí)，應(yīng)注意區(qū)分費(fèi)用估算和費(fèi)用報(bào)價(jià)。費(fèi)用估算是編制可能定量結(jié)果的評(píng)估－為提供產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)，執(zhí)行組織要付出多少費(fèi)用。報(bào)價(jià)是一個(gè)商業(yè)決策－對(duì)于產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)執(zhí)行組織要收取多少費(fèi)用－費(fèi)用估算僅僅是需要考
慮的眾多因素之一。
Cost estimating includes id entifying and considering various costing alternatives.
For examp1e, in most application areas, additional work during a design phase is
widely held to have the potential for reducing the cost of th e production phase. The
cost estimating process must consider whet her the cost of the additional design work
will offset the expected savings.
費(fèi)用估算包括確定和考慮各種各樣的費(fèi)用估算方案。例如，在大多數(shù)應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中，普遍認(rèn)為在設(shè)計(jì)階段多做些工作有可能節(jié)省生產(chǎn)階段的費(fèi)用。費(fèi)用估算過(guò)程必需考慮這種附加的設(shè)計(jì)工作能否抵消期望的費(fèi)用節(jié)省額。
7.2.1 Inputs to Cost Estimating（費(fèi)用估算的輸出）
.1 Work breakdown structure. The WBS is described in Section 5.3.3.1. It will be
used to organize the cost estimates and to ensure the all identified work has been
estimated.
.1 工作分解結(jié)構(gòu)。WBS見(jiàn)5.3.3.1 節(jié)。它用于組織費(fèi)用估算并確保所有已確定的工作已被估算。
.2 Resource requirements. Resource requirements are described in Section
7.1.3.1.
.2 資源需求。資源需求見(jiàn)7.1.3.1 節(jié)。
.3 Resource rates. The individual or group prepar ing the estimates must know
the unit rates (e.g., staff cost per hour, bul k material cost per cubic yard) for each
resource in order to ca1cula te project costs. If actual rates are not known, the rates
themselves may have to be estimated.
.3 資源單價(jià)。在計(jì)算項(xiàng)目服時(shí)，準(zhǔn)備估算的個(gè)人和集體必需知道各種資源的單價(jià)（例如，每小時(shí)人工費(fèi)，每立方碼大宗材料費(fèi)用）。如果不知道每種資源費(fèi)用，單價(jià)本身必需評(píng)估。
.4 Activity duration estimates. Activity duration estimates (described in Section
6.3) will affect cost estimates on any project where the project budget includes an allowance
1for the cost of financing
．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．
(i.e., interest charges).
.4 工序工期估計(jì)。如果項(xiàng)目預(yù)算中包括資金的附加費(fèi)用（即利息），工序工期估計(jì)（見(jiàn)6.3節(jié)）將影響其費(fèi)用估算。
.5 Historical information. Information on the cost of many categories of
resources is often available from one or more of the following sources:
.5 歷史信息。許多種類(lèi)的資源費(fèi)用信息可從下列一個(gè)或多個(gè)來(lái)源獲得：
z Project file—some or more of the orga nizations involved in the project may
maintain records of previous project results that are detailed enough to add
in developing cost estimates. In so me application areas, individua1 team
members may maintain such records.
項(xiàng)目檔案－參與項(xiàng)目的一個(gè)或多個(gè)組織保存以前項(xiàng)目結(jié)果的記錄，它們有助于進(jìn)行費(fèi)用估計(jì)。在一些應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域中，個(gè)人成員也保存有這樣的記錄。
z Commercial cost estimating databases—historical information is often available commercially.
商業(yè)費(fèi)用估計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)－歷史信息通常具有商業(yè)用途。
z Project team knowledge—the individual members of the project team may
remember previous actual or estimat es. While such recollections may be
useful, they are generally far less reliable than documented results.
項(xiàng)目隊(duì)伍的知識(shí)－項(xiàng)目隊(duì)伍成員可能記得以前的實(shí)際或估計(jì)費(fèi)用。雖然
這些記憶信息可能很有用，但它們一般遠(yuǎn)不如檔案記錄的結(jié)果可靠。
.6 Chart of accounts. A chart of accounts describes the coding structure used by
the performing organization to report financial information in its general ledger
2Project cost estimates must be assign ed to the correct accounting category.
.6 賬目表。賬目表是執(zhí)行組織在其通用賬目中用來(lái)報(bào)告財(cái)政信息的編碼結(jié)
1
n.津貼，補(bǔ)助
2
n.總帳，分類(lèi)帳構(gòu)。項(xiàng)目費(fèi)用估計(jì)必需被賦予正確的賬目分類(lèi)。
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